@prefix cc: . @prefix void: . @prefix owl: . @prefix ssd: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix skos: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix version: . @prefix qb: . @prefix dgu: . @prefix ui: . @prefix dct: . @prefix reg: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix ldp: . @prefix api: . @prefix time: . @prefix vann: . @prefix prov: . @prefix vs: . @prefix foaf: . @prefix dc: . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SAFIRE-ATR42"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SAFIRE-ATR42"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Radio sondes"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The radio sonde is a balloon-borne instrument platform with radio transmitting capabilities. Originally named a radio-meteorograph, the instrument is now referred to as a radiosonde, a name apparently derived by H. Hergesell from a combination of the words \"radio\" for the onboard radio transmitter and \"sonde\", which is messenger from old English. The radiosonde contains instruments capable of making direct in-situ measurements of air temperature, humidity and pressure with height, typically to altitudes of approximately 30 km. These observed data are transmitted immediately to the ground station by a radio transmitter located within the instrument package. The ascent of a radiosonde provides an indirect measure of the wind speed and direction at various levels throughout the troposphere. Ground based radio direction finding antenna equipment track the motion of the radiosonde during its ascent through the air. The recorded elevation and azimuth information are converted to wind speed and direction at various levels by triangulation techniques. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Radio sondes"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "MYSTERE"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "MYSTERE"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "RAPIDEYE"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "RapidEye is a commercial multispectral remote sensing satellite mission being designed and implemented by MDA for RapidEye AG. The RapidEye sensor images five optical bands in the 400-850nm range and provides 6.5m pixel size at nadir. Rapid delivery and short revisit times are provided through the use of a five-satellite constellation. It provides products for the following applications: -Agriculture - crop monitoring and mapping, yield prediction, etc. -Forestry - tree species separation, stem volume estimation, etc. -Security & Emergency - disaster management etc. -Energy & Infrastructure - pipeline monitoring, landcover classification etc. -Environment - change detection etc. -Cartography - satellite based maps, ortho photos, etc. -Other Markets - natural disaster assessment, 3D-visualization, etc. The satellites will be placed equally spaced in a single sun-synchronous orbit to ensure consistent imaging conditions and a short revisit time. The RapidEye system can access any area on Earth within a day and cover the entire agricultural areas of North America and Europe within five days. The RapidEye satellite platforms has been constructed by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL). "@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "RAPIDEYE"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SPOT-7"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "TECHNICAL FEATURES With SPOT 6 and SPOT 7, Astrium not only secures mission continuity of the SPOT series, which has been collecting an archive of more than 30 million of scenes since 1986: this new generation of optical satellites also features technological improvements and advanced system performance that increase reactivity and acquisition capacity as well as simplifying data access. Space segment: SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 will provide 1.5metre resolution products over broad areas until 2024. Number of satellites 2 Launch periods SPOT 6: September 12th, 2012 SPOT 7: June 30th, 2014 Design lifetime 10 years Size Body: ~ 1.55 x 1.75 x 2.7 m Solar array wingspan 5,4 m2 Launch mass 712 kg Altitude 694 km Onboard Storage 1 Tbits end of life (Solid State Mass Memory) Orbital characteristics and viewing capability: SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 missions are designed to achieve efficiently both collection of large coverage and collection of individual targets that are possible thanks to the extreme agility of the satellite. Orbit Sun-synchronous; 10:00 AM local time at descending node Period 98.79 minutes Cycle 26 days Viewing angle Standard: +/- 30° in roll | Extended: +/- 45° in roll Revisit • 1 day with SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 operating simultaneously • Between 1 and 3 days with only one satellite in operation."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SPOT-7"@en . a , skos:Concept ; rdfs:label "SPOT"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , , , , , , ; skos:prefLabel "SPOT"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "GPS"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The Global Positioning System (GPS) Satellite is a system of satellites developed by the US Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational uses (e.g. boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55 degrees. These spacecraft are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane. All launches have been successful except for one launch failure in 1981. The full 24-satellite constellation was completed on March 9, 1994. GPS receivers use triangulation of the GPS satellites' navigational signals to determine their location. The satellites provide two different signals that provide different accuracies. Coarse-acquisition (C/A) code is intended for civilian use, and is deliberately degraded. The accuracy using a typical civilian GPS receiver with C/A code is typically about 100 meters. The military's Precision (P) code is not corrupted, and provides positional accuracy to within approximately 20 meters."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "GPS"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "R/V Maria S. Merian"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "R/V Maria S. Merian"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SPOT-6"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "TECHNICAL FEATURES With SPOT 6 and SPOT 7, Astrium not only secures mission continuity of the SPOT series, which has been collecting an archive of more than 30 million of scenes since 1986: this new generation of optical satellites also features technological improvements and advanced system performance that increase reactivity and acquisition capacity as well as simplifying data access. Space segment: SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 will provide 1.5metre resolution products over broad areas until 2024. Number of satellites 2 Launch periods SPOT 6: September 12th, 2012 SPOT 7: June 30th, 2014 Design lifetime 10 years Size Body: ~ 1.55 x 1.75 x 2.7 m Solar array wingspan 5,4 m2 Launch mass 712 kg Altitude 694 km Onboard Storage 1 Tbits end of life (Solid State Mass Memory) Orbital characteristics and viewing capability: SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 missions are designed to achieve efficiently both collection of large coverage and collection of individual targets that are possible thanks to the extreme agility of the satellite. Orbit Sun-synchronous; 10:00 AM local time at descending node Period 98.79 minutes Cycle 26 days Viewing angle Standard: +/- 30° in roll | Extended: +/- 45° in roll Revisit • 1 day with SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 operating simultaneously • Between 1 and 3 days with only one satellite in operation."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SPOT-6"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SAFIRE-PIPER"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The Piper PA-23, named Apache and later Aztec, was an American twin-engined monoplane, the first twin-engine aircraft built by Piper Aircraft. Originally to be named the \"Twin-Stinson\" and designed as a four-seater low-wing all-metal monoplane with a twin tail, the prototype first flew 2 March 1952. The prototype was then named the PA-21 to conform to Piper's numerical nomenclature[1] It was redesigned with a single vertical stabilizer and an all-metal rear fuselage and renamed to Apache 150 when it entered production in 1954; 1,231 were built. In 1958, the Apache 160 was produced by upgrading the engines to 160 hp (119 kW), and 816 were built before being superseded by the Apache 235, which went to 235 hp (175 kW) engines and swept tail surfaces (119 built). Declining sales of the Apache prompted the redesign dubbed PA-23-250 Aztec, with 250 hp (186 kW) Lycoming. The first models were delivered with O-540 Lycoming carburetor engines. These first models came in a five-seat configuration which became available in 1959. The later models of the Aztec were equipped with IO-540 fuel-injected engines and six-seat capacity, and continued in production until 1982. There were also turbocharged versions of the later models, which were able to fly at higher altitudes. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SAFIRE-PIPER"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Air monitoring Stations"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Air monitoring Stations"@en . a , skos:Concept ; rdfs:label "Aircraft"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "An AIRCRAFT is a machine or device, such as an airplane, helicopter, glider, or dirigible, that is capable of atmospheric flight. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , , ; skos:prefLabel "Aircraft"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Weather Stations"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Weather Stations are facilities or locations where meteorological data are gathered, recorded, and released. Such stations are of the first order when they make observations of all the important elements either hourly or by self-registering instruments; of the second order when only important observations are taken; of the third order when simpler work is done, as to record rainfall and maximum and minimum temperatures. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Weather Stations"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SENTINEL-1A"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The SENTINEL-1 mission is the European Radar Observatory for the Copernicus joint initiative of the European Commission (EC) and the European Space Agency (ESA). Copernicus, previously known as GMES, is a European initiative for the implementation of information services dealing with environment and security. It is based on observation data received from Earth Observation satellites and ground-based information. The SENTINEL-1 mission includes C-band imaging operating in four exclusive imaging modes with different resolution (down to 5 m) and coverage (up to 400 km). It provides dual polarisation capability, very short revisit times and rapid product delivery. For each observation, precise measurements of spacecraft position and attitude are available. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has the advantage of operating at wavelengths not impeded by cloud cover or a lack of illumination and can acquire data over a site during day or night time under all weather conditions. SENTINEL-1, with its C-SAR instrument, can offer reliable, repeated wide area monitoring. The mission is composed of a constellation of two satellites, SENTINEL-1A and SENTINEL-1B, sharing the same orbital plane. SENTINEL-1 is designed to work in a pre-programmed, conflict-free operation mode, imaging all global landmasses, coastal zones and shipping routes at high resolution and covering the global ocean with vignettes. This ensures the reliability of service required by operational services and a consistent long term data archive built for applications based on long time series."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SENTINEL-1A"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "TerraSAR-X"@en ; skos:altLabel "TSX"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "TerraSAR-X was successfully launched on June 15th, 2007, from Baikonur in Kazakhstan and has been fully operational since early 2008. With its active antenna, the spacecraft acquires high-quality X-band radar images of the entire planet whilst circling Earth in a polar orbit at 514 km altitude. TerraSAR-X is designed to carry out its task for five years, independent of weather conditions and illumination, and reliably provides radar imagery with a resolution of up to 1m and a unique geometric accuracy. Key Technical Features Active phased array X-band SAR Single, dual and quad polarisation Side-looking acquisition geometry Sun-synchronous dawn-dusk repeat orbit Repetition rate: 11 days; due to swath overlay, a 2.5 day revisit time time (2 days at 95% probability) to any point on Earth can be achieved Orbit altitude range from 512 km to 530 km Operational imaging modes: HighResolution Spotlight: up to 1m resolution, 5 to 10 km x 5 km (width x length) SpotLight: up to 2m resolution, 10 km x 10 km (width x length) StripMap: up to 3m resolution, 30 km x 50 km ( width x length)* ScanSAR: up to 18 m resolution, 100 km x 150 km (width x length)."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "TerraSAR-X"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "LANDSAT-8"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Landsat 8 (formerly called the Landsat Data Continuity Mission, or LDCM) is NASA’s eighth satellite in the Landsat series and continues the Landsat program’s critical role in monitoring, understanding and managing the resources needed for human sustainment such as food, water and forests. As our population surpasses seven billion people, the impact of human society on the planet will increase, and Landsat monitors those impacts as well as environmental changes. With the longest unbroken data stream of Earth’s surface as seen from space, NASA’s Earth-observing Landsat fleet has provided the world with unprecedented information on land cover changes and their residual effects since 1972. The knowledge gained from 40 years of continuous data contributes to research on climate, carbon cycle, ecosystems, water cycle, biogeochemistry and changes to Earth’s surface, as well as our understanding of visible human effects on land surfaces. Building off that research, the Landsat imaging data set has, over time, led to the improvement of human and biodiversity health, energy and water management, urban planning, disaster recovery and agriculture monitoring, all resulting in incalculable benefits to the United States and world economy. Landsat 8 joined the Landsat 7 satellite in orbit and produces stunning pictures of Earth’s surface along with a wealth of scientific data. Landsat 8 measures Earth’s surfaces in the visible, near-infrared, short wave infrared and thermal infrared, with a moderate-resolution of 15 to 100 meters, depending on spectral frequency. Landsat 8 is a collaboration between NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). "@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "LANDSAT-8"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Buoys"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Buoys"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Ground Stations"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "A precise point along the ground or surface where measurements or surveys are made. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Ground Stations"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Navigation systems"@en ; skos:definition "Platforms such as GPS, NAVSTAR, and GLONASS whose purpose is for ascertaining one's position and planning and following a route. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , ; skos:prefLabel "Navigation systems"@en ; skos:topConceptOf . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Mobile stations"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Mobile stations"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SENTINEL-3A"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Mission Details Launch Date: Sentinel-3A - 16 February 2016 Sentinel-3B - 25 April 2018 Operational lifepsan: 7 years (With consumables for 12) Mission objectives: Measuring sea-surface topography, sea-surface height and significant wave height Measuring ocean and land-surface temperature Measuring ocean and land-surface colour Monitoring sea and land ice topography Sea-water quality and pollution monitoring Inland water monitoring, including rivers and lakes Aid ocean forecasts with acquired data Climate monitoring and modelling Land-use change monitoring Forest cover mapping Fire detection Weather forecasting Measuring Earth's thermal radiation for atmospheric applications Mission Orbit: Orbit Type: Sun-synchronous Orbit Height: 814 km Inclination: 98.6o Repeat Cycle: 27 days Payload: OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument) SLSTR (Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer) SRAL (Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter) MWR (Microwave Radiometer) DORIS LRR (Laser Retroreflector) GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Resolution and Swath Width: OLCI - 1270 km SLSTR - 1420 km Configuration: In addition to the observation instruments, the Sentinel-3 spacecraft will carry the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and LRR (Laser Retro Reflector) instruments. GNSS will provide precise orbit determination and can track multiple satellites simultaneously. LRR will be used to accurately locate the satellite in orbit using a laser ranging system. The dimensions of the craft are: 3.7 x 2.2 x 2.2 m with a weight (at time of launch) of 1250 kg. Launch vehicle: Rockot (Sentinel-3A and -3B) Operator: EUMETSAT Contractors: Thales Alenia Space is the prime contractor, responsible for constructing the spacecraft and the SRAL instrument, as well as contributing to the supply of the SLSTR instrument. Many European companies are involved in supplying the SLSTR instrument, including SELEX Galileo, RAL (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory), Jena-Optronik, Thales Alenia Space, ABSL and ESA-ESTEC. EADS CASA Espacio is contracted to provide the MWR instrument. CNES is contracted to provide the DORIS instrument. Eurockot and Arianespace are contracted to launch the spacecraft."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SENTINEL-3A"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Operational models"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Operational models"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Pleiades-1B"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Pléiades 1A and Pléiades 1B operate as a constellation in the same orbit, phased 180° apart. The identical twin satellites deliver very-high-resolution optical data products in record time and offer a daily revisit capability to any point on the globe. The Pléiades constellation is designed to obtain data in double-quick time: Ability to acquire imagery anywhere in the world in less than 24 hrs. in response to a crisis or natural disaster. Regular monitoring, as often as every day if required. Three satellite work plans a day ensure easy handling of last-minute tasking requests. Twice the coverage and twice the chance of obtaining cloud-free imagery."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Pleiades-1B"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "ALOS-2"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) is follow-on mission from the \"DAICHI\", which contributed to cartography, regional observation, disaster monitoring, and resource surveys. ALOS-2 will succeed this mission with enhanced capabilities. Specifically, JAXA is conducting research and development activities to improve wide and high-resolution observation technologies developed for DAICHI in order to further fulfill social needs. These social needs include: 1) Disaster monitoring of damage areas, both in cosiderable detail, and when these areas may be large 2) Continuous updating of data archives related to national land and infrastructure information 3) Effective monitoring of cultivated areas 4) Global monitoring of tropical rain forests to identify carbon sinks. The state-of-the-art L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) aboard ALOS-2, which is an active microwave radar using the 1.2GHz frequency range, will, in responding to society's needs, have enhanced performance compared to DAICHI/PALSAR. The SAR is capable of observing day and night, and in all weather conditions. "@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "ALOS-2"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "METOP"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The Meteorological Operational satellite programme (MetOp) is a European undertaking providing weather data services to monitor the climate and improve weather forecasts. The programme was jointly established by ESA and the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (Eumetsat), forming the space segment of Eumetsat's Polar System (EPS). The programme also represents the European contribution to a cooperative venture with the United States’ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which for the last 40 years has been delivering meteorological data from polar orbit, free of charge, to users worldwide. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "METOP"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Aura"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "NASA's Aura is a mission to understand and protect the air we breathe. With the launch of Aura NASA has begun to make the most comprehensive measurements of the Earth's atmosphere. It also caps off a 15-year international effort to establish the world's most comprehensive Earth Observing System, whose overarching goal is to determine the extent, causes, and regional consequences of global change. Aura's objective is to study the chemistry and dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere with emphasis on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (0-30km) by employing multiple instruments on a single satellite. The satellite's measurements enable scientists to investigate questions about ozone trends, air quality changes and their linkages to climate change. These observations provide accurate data for predictive models and provide useful information for local and national government agencies. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Aura"@en . a , skos:Concept ; rdfs:label "ADEOS (Advanced Earth Observing Satellite)"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , ; skos:prefLabel "ADEOS (Advanced Earth Observing Satellite)"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "OCO-2"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "OCO-2 is designed to provide space-based global measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) with the precision and resolution needed to identify and characterize the processes that regulate this important greenhouse gas. With its three high-resolution grating spectrometers, data collected by OCO-2 could be combined with meteorological observations and ground-based CO2 measurement to help characterize CO2 sources and sinks on regional scales at monthly intervals for 2 years. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "OCO-2"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "R/V Ronald H. Brown"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "R/V Ronald H. Brown"@en . a , skos:Concept ; rdfs:label "In Situ Ocean-based"@en ; skos:definition "Fixed and mobile ocean-based platforms. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , , ; skos:prefLabel "In Situ Ocean-based"@en ; skos:topConceptOf . a , skos:Concept ; rdfs:label "Earth Observation Satellites"@en ; skos:definition "Earth observation satellites are satellites specifically designed to observe Earth from orbit, similar to spy satellites but intended for non-military uses such as environmental monitoring, meteorology, map making etc."@en ; skos:exactMatch , , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; skos:prefLabel "Earth Observation Satellites"@en ; skos:topConceptOf . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Fixed Observation Stations"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition " A fixed, somewhat permanent point from which measurements or surveys are made."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Fixed Observation Stations"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "PARASOL"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL) is the second microsatellite in the Myriade series developed by CNES. It is carrying a wide-field imaging radiometer/polarimeter called POLDER (Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances), designed in partnership with the LOA atmospheric optics laboratory in Lille (CNRS-USTL). POLDER is designed to improve our knowledge of the radiative and microphysical properties of clouds and aerosols by measuring the directionality and polarization of light reflected by the Earth-atmosphere system. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "PARASOL"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SAFIRE-F20"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SAFIRE-F20"@en . a , skos:Concept ; rdfs:label "In Situ Land-based"@en ; skos:definition "Fixed and mobile land-based platforms."@en ; skos:exactMatch , , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , , , , , ; skos:prefLabel "In Situ Land-based"@en ; skos:topConceptOf . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "ALOS"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "ALOS is a Japanese Earth-Observation satellite, developed by JAXA. The objective of the mission is to provide the user community with data of sufficient resolution to be able to generate 1:25,000 scale maps. ALOS mission objectives as set by JAXA are to: - Develop digital elevation models (DEMs) and related geographic data products - Perform regional observation for 'sustainable development' (harmonization between Earth environment and development) - Conduct disaster monitoring around the world - Survey natural resources - Develop sensor and satellite technology for future Earth-observing satellites The mission includes optical and an active L-band microwave sensor payload whose high-resolution data may be used for environmental and hazard monitoring. ESA will provide the European/African node for data distribution."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "ALOS"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SENTINEL-1B"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The SENTINEL-1 mission is the European Radar Observatory for the Copernicus joint initiative of the European Commission (EC) and the European Space Agency (ESA). Copernicus, previously known as GMES, is a European initiative for the implementation of information services dealing with environment and security. It is based on observation data received from Earth Observation satellites and ground-based information. The SENTINEL-1 mission includes C-band imaging operating in four exclusive imaging modes with different resolution (down to 5 m) and coverage (up to 400 km). It provides dual polarisation capability, very short revisit times and rapid product delivery. For each observation, precise measurements of spacecraft position and attitude are available. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has the advantage of operating at wavelengths not impeded by cloud cover or a lack of illumination and can acquire data over a site during day or night time under all weather conditions. SENTINEL-1, with its C-SAR instrument, can offer reliable, repeated wide area monitoring. The mission is composed of a constellation of two satellites, SENTINEL-1A and SENTINEL-1B, sharing the same orbital plane. SENTINEL-1 is designed to work in a pre-programmed, conflict-free operation mode, imaging all global landmasses, coastal zones and shipping routes at high resolution and covering the global ocean with vignettes. This ensures the reliability of service required by operational services and a consistent long term data archive built for applications based on long time series."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SENTINEL-1B"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Ultralight"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower ; skos:prefLabel "Ultralight"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "R/V L'Atalante"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "R/V L'Atalante"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Sky Arrow"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Sky Arrow"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Himawari"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) series, also known as its nickname, \"Himawari\" (meaning a \"sunflower\"), is on the geostationary orbit at 140 degrees of east longitude to carry out weather observation from space being part of the World Weather Watch (WWW) project of the World Meteorological Organization. The images of the earth and clouds sent from this satellite series have been used in many areas such as weather forecasts in TV or newspaper; therefore, it is strongly connected to our daily life. After the \"Himawari-6\", the GMS series was replaced by a Multifunctional Transport Satellite series to broaden its scope of operation. It is operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency for climatic observation."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Himawari"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "MT1"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "MT1"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "PLEIADES"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Pleiades is the optical component of the ORFEO system developed in cooperation with Italy. The Pleiades system is an optical observation system with a metric resolution designed to offer a high acquisition capability with a revisit lower than 24 hours to satisfy both civilian and military needs. Moreover, to meet the needs for detailed mapping, especially in urban areas and to complement aerial photography, Pleiades will offer instantaneous stereoscopic acquisition and the capability to cover large areas. For applications such as forestry, geology and marine environment, and using its spectral characteristics and its tree-dimensional characterization of surfaces, Pleiades should complete the information supplied by other sensors, such as Spot 5, by offering information with a better spatial resolution. Lastly, to meet the defence and civil security missions, the Pleiades system is expected to: Supply the information in a very short time-frame (usually less than 24 hours). Ensure to defence users a priority in the daily programming of the 50 acquisition requests. Ensure to defence users the confidentiality of their requests and communications. Enable priority acquisitions on a predefined area with a \"crisis\" mode implementation. For this, the Pleiades system is constituted of a constellation of two optical satellites (visible and near infrared domain) on a Sun-synchronous orbit at 694 km. This number of satellites is essential to guarantee the accessibility and revisit frequency required to operationally answer to defence and civil security missions. With its two agile satellites, the Pleiades system will offer: a daily access to every point on Earth, a resolution of 0.7 m in vertical viewing in panchromatic, four spectral bands (blue, green, red and near infrared) with a resolution of 2.8 m in vertical viewing, a field of view of 20 km, an acquisition of a 120 km x 120 km image mosaic in the same orbit, the acquisition of nearly instantaneous stereoscopic couples (or even triplet) of 20 km by 300 km, the acquisition of cloud free images covering 2 500 000 km² per year, a very accurate localization of the images (<1 m with ground control points) enabling an optimal use of the data in the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Moreover, the great agility of the satellites will enable to minimize the programming conflicts, particularly during the dual use, and to better meet the users' needs."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , ; skos:prefLabel "PLEIADES"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "ADEOS-I"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "ADEOS (ADvanced Earth Observation Satellite), developed by the Japanese space agency JAXA. It was the largest satellite Japan has ever developed, having dimensions of 4 x 4 x 5 m. When antenna and the solar array paddle (approx. 3 x 24 m) were deployed, it had a span of 11m in the flight direction and 29 m in the perpendicular direction.It had a launch mass of approximatly 3500 kg and an in-orbit power generation capability of approximatly 4500W. The spacecraft consisted of a mission module and a bus module.The bus module was made of thermally, electrically and mechanically independent units, including the Communications and Data Handling Subsystem, the Electrical Power Subsystem (EPS), the Attitude and Orbital Control Subsystem (AOCS) and the reaction Control Subsystem (RCS) for orbital maneuvers. The mission module carried 8 instruments : Two core sensor developped by JAXA : AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer) and OCTS (Ocean Color and Temperature Temperature Sensor).Six Annoncement of Opportunity (AO) sensors : NSACT (NASA SCATterometer), TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectometer), POLDER (POlarization and Directionality of the Earth'Reflectance), IMG (Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases), ILAS (Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer), RIS (Retroreflector In Space).ADEOS-1 has been launched in August 1996 by H-II launcher from Tanegashima Space Center. Ninety seconds after liftoff, the solid rocket boosters separated from the H-II vehicle and 6 minutes after liftoff, the first stage separated. Then 16 minutes after liftoff, ADEOS-1 separated from the second stage. ADEOS-1 was lost on June 1997, the 30th, due to a solar panel cable breaking. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "ADEOS-I"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Numerical weather prediction"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower ; skos:prefLabel "Numerical weather prediction"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "CALIPSO"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The CALIPSO satellite was developed to help scientists answer significant questions and provide new information about the effects of clouds and aerosols (airborne particles) on changes in the Earth's climate. Understanding these components will provide the international science community with a more comprehensive data set that is essential for a better understanding of the Earth's climatic processes. Accurate climate model predictions will provide international and national leaders accurate information to make more informed policy decisions about global climate change. CALIPSO flies a 3-channel lidar with a suite of passive instruments in formation with Aqua to obtain coincident observations of radiative fluxes and atmospheric conditions. This enables new observationally based assessments of the radiative effects of aerosol and clouds that will greatly improve out ability to predict future climate change. CloudSat also flies in formation with CALIPSO to provide a comprehensive characterization of the structure and composition of clouds and their effects on climate under all weather conditions. This comprehensive set of measurements is essential for accurate quantification of global aerosol and cloud radiative effects to understand their role in formation and variation of Earth's climate. This is a cooperative mission with France. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "CALIPSO"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "RADARSAT"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Radarsat, a Canadian-led international program and a major part of the overall Canadian Space Agency (CSA) program, is Canada's first remote-sensing satellite. Radarsat delivers C-Band SAR imagery to the CSA and numerous commercial customers worldwide. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "RADARSAT"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "METEO-MERLIN"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "METEO-MERLIN"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "International Geomagnetic Reference Field Model (IGRF)"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Standard and international mathematical description of the Earth's main magnetic field. The Internal field (main field) is modelled in spherical harmonics up to degree/order 13 from 1900.0 onwards with a time resolution of 5 years interval. An international task force, under the auspices of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Working Group (namely IAGA division V Working Group \\\"V-MOD: Geomagnetic Field Modeling\\\"), produces a new generation of the IGRF. Thus, it is the product of a collaborative effort between magnetic field modellers and the institutes involved in acquiring, collecting and disseminating magnetic field data from satellites, observatories and surveys around the world. IGRF is used widely in studies of the Earth's deep interior, its crust, its ionosphere and magnetosphere as well as by industrial stakeholders for navigational applications, oil and mining exploration, etc."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "International Geomagnetic Reference Field Model (IGRF)"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "ARAT-F27"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "ARAT-F27"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Balloons"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "A nonporous bag of light material that can be inflated especially with air or gas. A bag that is filled with heated air or a gas lighter than air so as to rise and float in the atmosphere and that usually carries a suspended load (as a gondola with passengers)."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , , ; skos:prefLabel "Balloons"@en . a ldp:Container , skos:ConceptScheme , reg:Register ; rdfs:label "Earth science platforms"@en ; rdfs:member , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; dct:license "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"^^xsd:anyURI ; dct:modified "2024-07-09T13:27:25.076Z"^^xsd:dateTime ; dct:title "Data Terra Earth science platform thesaurus."@en ; reg:inverseMembershipPredicate skos:inScheme ; reg:notation "earthscienceplatforms" ; ui:hierarchyChildProperty skos:narrower ; ui:hierarchyRootProperty skos:topConceptOf ; owl:versionInfo 3 ; skos:definition "The current thesaurus contains concepts related to data acquisition platforms for Earth science."@en ; skos:hasTopConcept , , , , , ; skos:prefLabel "Earth science platforms"@en ; ldp:isMemberOfRelation skos:inScheme . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Gravimetric station"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Gravity stations make observations related to the Earth's gravity."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Gravimetric station"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "GOES satellites provide the kind of continuous monitoring necessary for intensive data analysis. They circle the Earth in a geosynchronous orbit, which means they orbit the equatorial plane of the Earth at a speed matching the Earth's rotation. This allows them to hover continuously over one position on the surface. The geosynchronous plane is about 35,800 km (22,300 miles) above the Earth, high enough to allow the satellites a full-disc view of the Earth. Because they stay above a fixed spot on the surface, they provide a constant vigil for the atmospheric \"triggers\" for severe weather conditions such as tornadoes, flash floods, hail storms, and hurricanes. When these conditions develop the GOES satellites are able to monitor storm development and track their movements. GOES satellite imagery is also used to estimate rainfall during the thunderstorms and hurricanes for flash flood warnings, as well as estimates snowfall accumulations and overall extent of snow cover. Such data help meteorologists issue winter storm warnings and spring snow melt advisories. Satellite sensors also detect ice fields and map the movements of sea and lake ice. NASA launched the first GOES for NOAA in 1975 and followed it with another in 1977. Currently, the United States is operating GOES-10 and GOES-12. (GOES-9, which is partially operational, is being provided to the Japanese Meteorological Agency to replace their failing geostationary satellite.) GOES-11 is being stored in orbit as a replacement for GOES-12 or GOES-10 in the event of failure."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Ocean stations"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Ocean stations"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Large-eddy simulations"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , ; skos:prefLabel "Large-eddy simulations"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Pibal"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "A small balloon whose ascent is followed by a theodolite in order to obtain data for the computation of the speed and direction of winds in the upper air. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Pibal"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Earth Observation Airbornes"@en ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , ; skos:prefLabel "Earth Observation Airbornes"@en ; skos:topConceptOf . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Green-house gas Observing Satellite"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "GOSAT (Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite) is a JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) mission within the GCOM (Global Change Observation Mission) program of Japan. The GOSAT mission goals call for the study of the transport mechanisms of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The emphasis is on atmospheric monitoring to clarify the sources and sinks of CO2 on a sub-continental scale. The overall mission objective is to contribute to environmental administration by estimating the Green House Gases (GHGs) source and sink on a sub-continental scale and to support the Kyoto protocol that was adsorbed at COP3/UNFCCC (3rd session of the conference in the framework of climate change) in 1997. The protocol calls for a reduction of greenhouse gases, in particular CO2; it requires all parties to reduce their emissions by 5% below the level of the year 1990, for the period of 2008-2012."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Green-house gas Observing Satellite"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SPOT-2"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The SPOT-2 (Systeme Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre) spacecraft is an earth observation satellite with a ground resolution better than that of the Landsat series satellites. The main applications for the images returned by the second SPOT mission are land-use studies, agriculture and forestry resources, mineral and oil resources, and cartography. The three-axis stabilized satellite operates in a circular sun-synchronous near-polar orbit for a design lifetime of 2 years. The spacecraft dimensions are 2 x 2 x 3.5 m and 15.60 m for the overall length of the deployed solar panel. SPOT-B consists of two parts: (1) the bus, a standard multipurpose platform, and (2) the payload. The bus provides housekeeping information and an onboard computer. The payload is mounted on one of the side panels of the bus. It consists of two identical high-resolution visible (HRV) imaging instruments and a package comprising two magnetic-tape data recorders and a telemetry transmitter. "@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SPOT-2"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "BAS Twin Otter VP-FAZ"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "BAS Twin Otter VP-FAZ"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "ADEOS-II"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "ADEOS (ADvanced Earth Observation Satellite), developed by the Japanese space agency JAXA. ADEOS-II, the successor to ADEOS, has been developed to advance Earth observation technologies. It acquires data to help researchers understand the mechanism of the global environmental changes such as global warming and to support meteorology and fishery activities.It is equipped with two JAXA sensors (AMSR and GLI) and three sensors provided by international and domestic partners (ILAS-II, SeaWinds Scatterometer and POLDER).ADEOS-II is expected to provide the data necessary for us to understand the circulation of water, energy, and carbon in order to contribute to studies on global environmental changes. ADEOS-II has been launched in December 2002 by H-II launcher from Tanegashima Space Center and was lost on October 2003, the 24th."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "ADEOS-II"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "COSMO-SKYMED"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "COSMO-SkyMed (Constellation of Small Satellites for Mediterranean basin Observation) is a 4-spacecraft constellation, conceived by ASI (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana), and funded by the Italian Ministry of Research (MUR) and the Italian Ministry of Defense (MOD), Rome, Italy. The program is managed in cooperation by ASI and MOD. Each of the four satellites is equipped with a SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) instrument and is capable of operating in all visibility conditions at high resolution and in real time. The overall objective of this program is global Earth observation and the relevant data exploitation for the needs of the military community as well as for the civil (institutional, commercial) community. Sample applications of COSMO-SkyMed data are seen the following fields: • Defense and security applications: Surveillance, intelligence, mapping, damage assessment, vulnerability assessment, target detection/localization • Risk management applications: Floods, droughts, landslides, volcanic/seismic, forest fire, industrial hazards, water pollution • Other applications: Marine and coastal environments, agriculture, forestry, cartography, environment, geology and exploration, telecommunication, utilities and planning • Provision of commercial imaging services • The high revisit frequency offered by the four X-band SAR spacecraft is also expected to provide a unique potential to the operational meteorological user community through provision of ancillary data and/or data on meteo-correlated phenomena, in particular as regards sea ice monitoring and study of ocean wave patterns. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "COSMO-SKYMED"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Galileo"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Galileo is the European Union's Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS). Sometimes called the 'European GPS, Galileo provides accurate positioning and timing information. Galileo is a programme under civilian control and its data can be used for a broad range of applications. It is autonomous but also interoperable with existing satellite navigation systems. At the moment, the Galileo constellation consists of 18 satellites."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Galileo"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Sentinel-5P"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "A precursor satellite mission, Sentinel-5P aims to fill in the data gap and provide data continuity between the retirement of the Envisat satellite and NASA's Aura mission and the launch of Sentinel-5. The mission will perform atmospheric monitoring and was launched in October 2017. Launch Date: 13 October 2017 Operational lifespan: 7 years Mission Objectives: The Sentinel-5 Precursor objectives are to provide operational space-borne observations in support to the operational monitoring of: Air Quality Ozone and Surface UV Climate It will provide measurements of: Ozone NO_2 SO_2 Formaldehyde Aerosol Carbonmonoxide Methane Clouds Mission Orbit: Orbit Type: Sun-synchronous, polar Orbit Height: 824 km Inclination: 98.74° Repeat Cycle: 16 days Mean LST: 13:30 at Ascending Node Sentinel-5 Precursor is foreseen to operate in loose formation with Suomi-NPP Payload: The TROPOMI instrument is a UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR push-broom grating spectrometer. Spectral range: 270-495 nm, 710-775 nm, 2305-2385 nm Spectral resolution: 0.25-0.55 nm Observation mode: nadir pointing, global daily coverage, 7x7 km^2 ground Payload Mass: 200kg Configuration: The spacecraft launch mass is ~900 kg Launch vehicle: ROCKOT Contractors: Prime Contractor: Airbus Defence & Space TROPOMI contract: Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs"@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Sentinel-5P"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SPOT-5"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Spot 5 is a French (CNES), Earth-imaging, three tonne satellite that was launched by an Ariane 42P rocket from Kourou at 00:31:00 UT on 4 May 2002. Its planar and stereoscopic relief images at about three meter resolution will be marketed for civilian and military uses, for cartographic and vegetation analyses. Panchromatic (at 2.5 m resolution) as well as multispectral images (at 10 m resolution) could be obtained. The position of the satellite, and hence the location of the images could be determined at 15 m accuracy by means of the DORIS position determination instrument. "@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SPOT-5"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "DALES"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "DALES"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SPOT-4"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "SPOT (Satellite Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre) is the French government sponsored civil Earth observation program, with support from Belgium and Sweden. A single SPOT satellite provides complete coverage of the Earth every 26 days. Image products from SPOT are handled by a commercial entity, SPOT-Image Corp. Spacecraft: 3-Axis stabilized. Single 5-panel solar array, each panel is 2.6 x 1.9 m. Hydrazine propulsion system provides orbit maintenance. Payload: Two HRVIR (High Resolution Visible - Infrared) pushbrrom imaging instruments are carried. HRVIR is derived from the HRV instruments on SPOT 1-3. This system will provide 10 m resolution in the panchromatic band and 20 m resolution in the multispectral bands. HRVIR includes a new medium IR channel to support vegetation analysis and harvest forecasting. The HRVIRs are steerable to within 27 deg off-nadir. Each HRVIR has a swath width of 60 km. The Vegetation Monitoring instrument has 1 km resolution in the same bands as the HRVIR. PASTEL optical link terminal supports laser crosslink experiments. DORIS (Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite) precision orbit determination system. "@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SPOT-4"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SENTINEL-2B"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The Sentinel-2 mission is a land monitoring constellation of two satellites that provide high resolution optical imagery and provide continuity for the current SPOT and Landsat missions. The orbit is an average height of 785 km and the presence of two satellites in the mission allow repeated surveys every 5 days at the equator and every 2-3 days at middle latitudes. The satellites are equipped with the state-of-the-art MSI (Multispectral Imager) instrument for surveying with a resolution of 10 to 60 m in the visible, near infrared (VNIR), and short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral zones, including 13 spectral channels, which ensures the capture of differences in vegetation state, including temporal changes, and also minimizes impact on the quality of atmospheric photography. Sentinel-2B was launched March 7, 2017."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SENTINEL-2B"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Drop wind sondes"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Drop wind sondes are weather instruments that collect atmospheric data as they descend after being dropped from research aircraft. These dropwindsondes obtain vertical profiles of wind, temperature, and humidity from 400mb to the surface. This data is then ingested by numerical numerical models to come up with hurricane track and intensity forecasts. These observations provide grid points of observations over the tropical oceans which are generally devoid of weather observations. Aberson and Franklin (1999) state that \"accurate modeling of tropical cyclone motion and intensity requires both realistic numerical models and accurate representation of meteorological fields through the depth of the troposphere on a variety of scales.\" While models have greatly improved over the past 20 years, significant forecast improvements are still possible by decreasing the analysis error. This has been the primary goal of the Hurricane Research Division (HRD) branch of NOAA. This is why NOAA has procured a new generation of dropwindsondes based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) as well a Gulfstream-IV jet aircraft (G-IV). A study of the impact of the new dropwindsondes' observations on hurricane forecast models was conducted by Aberson and Frankilin in 1997. In the 1997 study about 30 dropwindsondes were used during each mission. These observations were then put into the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) and VICBAR hurricane models and the Global Spectral Model (GSM) using the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Data Assimilation (GDAS). GDAS uses a quality control algorithm, synthetic data and analysis procedures, and the Global Spectral Model in its data assimilation. Further information about the data assimilation can be found in Aberson and Franklin (1999). For the study NCEP's GSM is run and is used as the boundary conditions for the HRD's barotropic model (VICBAR) and the GFDL model. The track forecasts of the GSM, VICBAR, and GFDL models were compared to the CLIPER model to calculate track errors and the SHIFOR model to calculate intensity errors. The CLIPER and SHIFOR models are statistical regression models which use only climatology and persistence in their forecasts."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Drop wind sondes"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "NCAR"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "NCAR"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "UAV / RPAS"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are remotely piloted or self-piloted aircraft that can carry cameras, sensors, communications equipment or other payloads. They have been used in a reconnaissance and intelligence-gathering role since the 1950s, and more challenging roles are envisioned, including combat missions. Since 1964 the Defense Department has developed 11 different UAVs, though due to acquisition and development problems only 3 entered production. The US Navy has studyied the feasibility of operating VTOL UAVs since the early 1960s, the QH-50 Gyrodyne torpedo-delivery drone being an early example. However, high cost and technological immaturity have precluded acquiring and fielding operational VTOL UAV systems. By the early 1990s DOD sought UAVs to satisfy surveillance requirements in Close Range, Short Range or Endurance categories. Close Range was defined to be within 50 kilometers, Short Range was defined as within 200 kilometers and Endurance as anything beyond. By the late 1990s, the Close and Short Range categories were combined, and a separate Shipboard category emerged. The current classes of these vehicles are the Tactical UAV and the Endurance category. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "UAV / RPAS"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Aqua"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Aqua is a major international Earth Science satellite mission centered at NASA. Launched on May 4, 2002, the satellite has six different Earth-observing instruments on board and is named for the large amount of information being obtained about water in the Earth system from its stream of approximately 89 Gigabytes of data a day. The water variables being measured include almost all elements of the water cycle and involve water in its liquid, solid, and vapor forms. Additional variables being measured include radiative energy fluxes, aerosols, vegetation cover on the land, phytoplankton and dissolved organic matter in the oceans, and air, land, and water temperatures. Key Aqua Facts Joint with Brazil and Japan Dimensions: 2.7 m x 2.5 m x 6.5 m stowed; 4.8 m x 16.7 m x 8.0 m deployed Mass: 2,934 kg (1,750 kg spacecraft, 1,082 kg instruments, 102 kg propellants) Power: 4,600 W silicon cell array and a NiH2 battery "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Aqua"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SENTINEL-3B"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Mission Details Launch Date: Sentinel-3A - 16 February 2016 Sentinel-3B - 25 April 2018 Operational lifepsan: 7 years (With consumables for 12) Mission objectives: Measuring sea-surface topography, sea-surface height and significant wave height Measuring ocean and land-surface temperature Measuring ocean and land-surface colour Monitoring sea and land ice topography Sea-water quality and pollution monitoring Inland water monitoring, including rivers and lakes Aid ocean forecasts with acquired data Climate monitoring and modelling Land-use change monitoring Forest cover mapping Fire detection Weather forecasting Measuring Earth's thermal radiation for atmospheric applications Mission Orbit: Orbit Type: Sun-synchronous Orbit Height: 814 km Inclination: 98.6o Repeat Cycle: 27 days Payload: OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument) SLSTR (Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer) SRAL (Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter) MWR (Microwave Radiometer) DORIS LRR (Laser Retroreflector) GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Resolution and Swath Width: OLCI - 1270 km SLSTR - 1420 km Configuration: In addition to the observation instruments, the Sentinel-3 spacecraft will carry the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and LRR (Laser Retro Reflector) instruments. GNSS will provide precise orbit determination and can track multiple satellites simultaneously. LRR will be used to accurately locate the satellite in orbit using a laser ranging system. The dimensions of the craft are: 3.7 x 2.2 x 2.2 m with a weight (at time of launch) of 1250 kg. Launch vehicle: Rockot (Sentinel-3A and -3B) Operator: EUMETSAT Contractors: Thales Alenia Space is the prime contractor, responsible for constructing the spacecraft and the SRAL instrument, as well as contributing to the supply of the SLSTR instrument. Many European companies are involved in supplying the SLSTR instrument, including SELEX Galileo, RAL (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory), Jena-Optronik, Thales Alenia Space, ABSL and ESA-ESTEC. EADS CASA Espacio is contracted to provide the MWR instrument. CNES is contracted to provide the DORIS instrument. Eurockot and Arianespace are contracted to launch the spacecraft."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SENTINEL-3B"@en . a , skos:Concept ; rdfs:label "Plane"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , , , , , , , , , ; skos:prefLabel "Plane"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Terra"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Terra is the flagship satellite of NASA's Earth observing systems. Terra is the first EOS (Earth Observing System) platform and provides global data on the state of the atmosphere, land, and oceans, as well as their interactions with solar radiation and with one another. Since the 1950's, it has become increasingly clear that human activities are modifying the composition of the atmosphere on a global scale. As the result of industrialization, the concentration of carbon dioxide has increased by about 20% during this period. More recently, the stratospheric concentrations of chemically-active gases containing chlorine, bromine, and fluorine have dramatically increased. These trends have created issues of global interest including global warming and declining levels of ozone (both globally and in the ozone &hole& in the Antarctic). It has become increasingly clear, however, that these processes do not occur independently of one another and can only be understood in the context of a global system. Accurate and precise measurements are needed to unravel complex and interactive relationships between chemical, radiative, and dynamical processes in the atmosphere, ocean, and on land. As a result, in 1991 NASA initiated a comprehensive program to understand the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, land, and cryosphere (ice and snow) as a single, complex, interactive system. NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) consists of a series of spaceborne instruments to monitor crucial components of the Earth system, an advanced data handling system, and teams of scientists who will evaluate on-going climate change and predict future changes. Ultimately, EOS will produce scientifically sound recommendations for environmental policy to national and international bodies to mitigate or prepare for these changes. Key Terra Facts: Joint with Japan and Canada Orbit: Type: Near-polar, sun-synchronous Equatorial Crossing: 10:30 a.m. Altitude: 705 km Inclination: 98.1 degrees Period: 98.88 minutes Repeat Cycle: 16 days Dimensions: 2.7 m x 3.3 m x 6.8 m Mass: 5,190 kg Power: 2,530 W Design Life: 6 years Terra Status: Operating instruments: ASTER, CERES, MODIS, MISR, and MOPITT are operating well. ASTER Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) data is unavailable. Current life expectancy: Terra has far exceeded its design life and has a strong chance of operating successfully into the early 2020s. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Terra"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "FY (Feng-Yun)"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "FY (Feng-Yun)"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "AROME"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "AROME"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "OCO-3"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) will be flying on the International Space Station (ISS) and will continue the important measurement begun by OCO-2 in 2014. Some quick facts about OCO-3 are: - OCO-3 is a critical element in the continuation of global carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements focused on understanding the regional sources and sinks of CO2 from the unique vantage point of the International Space Station (ISS). - OCO-3 can also contribute to focused studies of how space based measurements can constrain rapidly changing anthropogenic (man-made) emissions. Anthropogenic emissions could be the largest source of uncertainty in the global carbon budget as OCO-3 measurements reduce uncertainty of natural fluxes. OCO-3 has the ability to makes measurements at different times of the day. - OCO-3 measurements can be combined with evapotranspiration and biomass measurements, such as those from other ISS instruments ECOSTRESS and GEDI, to study process details of the terrestrial ecosystem. - OCO-2 has demonstrated that atmospheric XCO2 can be measured from space with precision of better than 1 ppm. OCO-3 is expected to have similar performance. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "OCO-3"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SENTINEL-2"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The Sentinel-2 mission is a land monitoring constellation of two satellites that provide high resolution optical imagery and provide continuity for the current SPOT and Landsat missions. The orbit is an average height of 785 km and the presence of two satellites in the mission allow repeated surveys every 5 days at the equator and every 2-3 days at middle latitudes. The satellites are equipped with the state-of-the-art MSI (Multispectral Imager) instrument for surveying with a resolution of 10 to 60 m in the visible, near infrared (VNIR), and short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral zones, including 13 spectral channels, which ensures the capture of differences in vegetation state, including temporal changes, and also minimizes impact on the quality of atmospheric photography. Sentinel-2A was launched June 23, 2015."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , ; skos:prefLabel "SENTINEL-2"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SPOT-3"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The SPOT-3 (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre) spacecraft was launched in September 26,1993. SPOT-3 is a earth observation satellite with a ground resolution better than that of the Landsat series satellites. The main applications for the images returned by the third SPOT mission are land-use studies, agriculture and forestry resources, mineral and oil resources, and cartography. The three-axis stabilized satellite operates in a circular sun-synchronous near-polar orbit for a design lifetime of 2 years. Orbital Characteristics- Orbital Period: 101.20 m Inclination: 98.60 degrees Periapsis: 819.00 km Apoapsis: 846.00 km The spacecraft dimensions are 2 x 2 x 3.5 m and 15.60 m for the overall length of the deployed solar panel. SPOT-3 consists of two parts: (1) the bus, a standard multipurpose platform, and (2) the payload. The bus provides housekeeping information and an onboard computer. The payload is mounted on one of the side panels of the bus. It consists of two identical high-resolution visible (HRV) imaging instruments and a package comprising two magnetic-tape data recorders and a telemetry transmitter. "@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SPOT-3"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "NOAA Lockheed WP-3D Orion"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Two of the world's premier research aircraft, the renowned NOAA WP-3D Orions, participate in a wide variety of national and international meteorological, oceanographic and environmental research programs in addition to their widely known use in hurricane research and reconnaissance. These versatile turboprop aircraft are equipped with an unprecedented variety of scientific instrumentation, radars and recording systems for both in-situ and remote sensing measurements of the atmosphere, the earth and its environment. Obtained as new aircraft from the Lockheed production line in the mid-70's, these robust and well maintained aircraft have led NOAA's continuing effort to monitor and study hurricanes and other severe storms, the quality of the atmosphere, the state of the ocean and its fish population, and climate trends. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "NOAA Lockheed WP-3D Orion"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SPOT-1"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The SPOT-1 (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre) spacecraft was launched on February 22, 1986. SPOT-1 is an earth observation satellite with a greater ground resolution than that of the Landsat series satellites. The main applications for the images returned by the first SPOT mission are land-use studies, agriculture and forestry resources, mineral and oil resources, and cartography. The three-axis stabilized satellite operates in a circular sun-synchronous near-polar orbit for a design lifetime of 2 years. Orbital Characteristics- Orbital Period: 101.40 m Inclination: 98.70 degrees Eccentricity: 0.00101 Periapsis: 815.00 km Apoapsis: 829.60 km The spacecraft dimensions are 2 x 2 x 3.5 m and 15.60 m for the overall length of the deployed solar panel. SPOT-1 consists of two parts: (1) the bus, a standard multipurpose platform, and (2) the payload. The bus provides housekeeping information and an onboard computer. The payload is mounted on one of the side panels of the bus. SPOT-1 consists of two identical high-resolution visible (HRV) imaging instruments and a package comprising two magnetic-tape data recorders and a telemetry transmitter. "@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SPOT-1"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Pleiades-1A"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Pléiades 1A and Pléiades 1B operate as a constellation in the same orbit, phased 180° apart. The identical twin satellites deliver very-high-resolution optical data products in record time and offer a daily revisit capability to any point on the globe. The Pléiades constellation is designed to obtain data in double-quick time: Ability to acquire imagery anywhere in the world in less than 24 hrs. in response to a crisis or natural disaster. Regular monitoring, as often as every day if required. Three satellite work plans a day ensure easy handling of last-minute tasking requests. Twice the coverage and twice the chance of obtaining cloud-free imagery."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Pleiades-1A"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SENTINEL-1"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , ; skos:prefLabel "SENTINEL-1"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "R/V Meteor"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "R/V Meteor"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "VENuS"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Le microsatellite Venus est le résultat de la coopération entre la France et Israel. Sa plate-forme est fournie par Israel et sa charge utile scientifique est fournie par le CNES.Le satellite est composé de : 1) une plate-forme microsatellite IMPS (Improved Multi Purpose Satellite) fournie par l'IAI (Israeli Aircraft Industries), 2) une charge utile qui abrite un composant technologique : le propulseur IHET (Israeli Hall Effect Thruster) et 3) un composant scientifique : la caméra multispectrale."@fr ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "VENuS"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "METEOSAT"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Meteosat First Generation refers to a series of geostationary satellites that have provided images of the full Earth disc and data for weather forecasts in a continuous and reliable stream for a quarter of a century. The first Meteosat, Meteosat-1, was launched in 1977, and the last of the first generation, Meteosat-7, was launched 20 years later, in 1997. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "METEOSAT"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Climate models"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Climate models"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SENTINEL-2A"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The Sentinel-2 mission is a land monitoring constellation of two satellites that provide high resolution optical imagery and provide continuity for the current SPOT and Landsat missions. The mission provides a global coverage of the Earth's land surface every 10 days with one satellite and 5 days with 2 satellites, making the data of great use in on-going studies. The satellites are equipped with the state-of-the-art MSI (Multispectral Imager) instrument, that offers high-resolution optical imagery."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "SENTINEL-2A"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Green-house gas Observing Satellite - 2"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "GOSAT-2 is a follow-on Japanese mission of GOSAT/Ibuki. The experiences gained from the operation of the GOSAT mission with regard to payload calibration and validation activities served as input for the requirements of the GOSAT-2 mission. GOSAT-2 was launched on 29 October 2018. The goals for the GOSAT-2 are to measure carbon dioxide at 0.5 ppm and methane at 5 ppb at a 500 km mesh. Developers have also enhanced the satellite's focused, target-point observation capabilities, enabling the device to gather accurate readings from a broader range of target points - an ability that will be especially beneficial in evaluations of industrial areas, densely populated areas, and other areas with large quantities of greenhouse gas emissions. In another improvement over its predecessor, the GOSAT-2 is also capable of monitoring carbon monoxide concentrations."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Green-house gas Observing Satellite - 2"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "JASON-2"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM)/Jason-2 was a follow-on altimetric mission to the very successful TOPEX/Poseidon mission and Jason-1. It was a joint mission between NASA and CNES (French space agency). It launched 20 June 2008 and began data collection on 12 July 2008."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "JASON-2"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "GCOM-W1"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "GCOM-W1"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "World Digital Magnetic anomaly Map (WDMAM)"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map is an international scientific project under the auspices of International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) and the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW), aiming to compile and make available magnetic anomalies caused by the Earth lithosphere, on continental and oceanic areas, in a comprehensive way, all over the World. The WDMAM is a grid given in a reference geodetic system which spatial resolution is adapted but coherent among available datasets: small spatial scales where local surveys are available, long wavelengths derived from satellite data and models. The first version was delivered in 2003."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "World Digital Magnetic anomaly Map (WDMAM)"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Ships"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "A vessel of considerable size for sailing and deep-water navigation. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , , , ; skos:prefLabel "Ships"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "CloudSat"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "CloudSat uses advanced radar to \"slice\" through clouds to see their vertical structure, providing a completely new observational capability from space. Earlier satellites could only image the uppermost layers of clouds. CloudSat is among the first satellites to study clouds on a global basis. It will look at their structure, composition and effects. This is a cooperative mission with Canada. CloudSat measurements have applications in air quality, weather models, water management, aviation safety, and disaster management. The key observations are the vertical profiles of cloud liquid water and ice water contents and related cloud physical and radiative properties. The spacecraft payload consists of a millimeter-wave radar. CloudSat will fly in tight formation with the CALIPSO satellite carrying a backscattering lidar, and these two satellites will follow behind the Aqua satellite in a somewhat looser formation. The combination of data from the CloudSat radar with coincident measurements from CALIPSO and Aqua provides a rich source of information that can be used to assess the role of clouds in both weather and climate. CloudSat was launched on 2006-04-28 from Vandenberg AFB, California."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "CloudSat"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "SENTINEL-5"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower ; skos:prefLabel "SENTINEL-5"@en . a skos:Concept ; rdfs:label "NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , , , ; skos:prefLabel "NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "GEOS-Chem"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Global 3-D chemical transport model (CTM) for atmospheric composition driven by meteorological input from the Goddard."@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "GEOS-Chem"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "HUREL-DUBOIS"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "HUREL-DUBOIS"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Seismological station"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Seismological stations: Stations that measure seismic activity. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Seismological station"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "JASON-3"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Jason-3 is the fourth mission in U.S.-European series of satellite missions that measure the height of the ocean surface. Launched on January 17, 2016, the mission will extend the time series of ocean surface topography measurements (the hills and valleys of the ocean surface) begun by the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite mission in 1992 and continuing through the Jason-1 (launched in 2001) and the currently operating OSTM/Jason-2 (launched in 2008) missions. These measurements provide scientists with critical information about circulation patterns in the ocean and about both global and regional changes in sea level and the climate implications of a warming world."@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "JASON-3"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "ENVISAT"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "ENVISAT was successfully launched on March 1, 2002 from Kourou, French Guiana on Europe's Ariane 5 launcher. The ENVIronmental SATellite (ENVISAT) is an element of the European Space Agency (ESA) Columbus Programme. The ENVISAT satellite is part of the International Earth Observation System (IEOS). The ENVISAT is designed to study Earth's resources and to contribute to the study of land surface properties, atmospheric chemistry, aerosol distribution, ocean and ice processes, and marine biology. The ENVISAT spacecraft is based on the Polar Platform (PPF) concept and consists of a Service Module (SM) which provides main support functions, and a mission-specific Payload Module (PLM) which provides the instruments and payload support functions. The Payload Module consists of the Payload Equipment Bay (PEB) and the Payload Carrier (PLC). The Payload Data Management Subsystem performs instrument and support subsystems, data processing, telecommand and telemetry management, data-bus control, failure management, and instrument operations timeline management. Commonad and control is provided by the Payload Module Computer (PMC). Scientific data generated from the instruments will be processed by the High Speed Multiplexer (HSM) for recording or transmission to the ground. A set of four tape recorders provide a recording speed of 2 to 4 Mbps and a capacity of 25 Gbits. The communication subsystem uses an x-band link directly to the ground and a Ka-band bi-directional link via ESA's Data Relay Satellite (DRS). The Thermal Control Subsystem consists of a Heater Switching Unit (HSU), heaters, thermistors and thermostats. The Service Module (SM) consists of a carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) cone with a launcher interface at one end and a propulsion module at the other. The power subsystem consists of up to eight nickel-cadmium batteries (40 Ahr) and a modular solar array. The SM on-board data management is done by the Central Computer Unit (CCU). Command and contral are done via S-band communications direct to the ground or through the DRS. The Attitude and Orbit Control Subsystem (AOCS) provides three-axis stabilization. Altitude measurements will be provided by digital Sun sensors, Earth-horizon sensors and gyroscopes while altitude control will be provided by monopropellent thrusters. Fine pointing is accomplished through star sensors and gyroscopes, reaction wheels, and magneto-torquers. The ENVISAT consists of : (1) Advanced SAR (ASAR), (2) Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS), (3) Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), (4) Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), (5) Radar Altimeter-2 (RA-2), (6) Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR), (7) Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIMACHY), (8) Microwave Radiometer (MWR), (9) Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS), and (10) a Laser Retroreflector (LRR) for tracking. Just weeks after celebrating its tenth year in orbit, communication with the Envisat satellite was suddenly lost on 8 April. Following rigorous attempts to re-establish contact and the investigation of failure scenarios, the end of the mission is being declared."@en ; skos:exactMatch , , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "ENVISAT"@en . a , skos:Concept ; rdfs:label "Models"@en ; skos:exactMatch , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , , , , , , ; skos:prefLabel "Models"@en ; skos:topConceptOf . a , skos:Concept ; rdfs:label "Meteorological Stations"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "Stations that observe and monitor variabes such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, surface winds, precipitation, radiation, visibility, evaportation, and current conditions. "@en ; skos:exactMatch , , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Meteorological Stations"@en . a , skos:Concept ; rdfs:label "SENTINEL-3"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:definition "The Sentinel-3 (S3) mission of ESA and the EC is one of the elements of the GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) program, which responds to the requirements for operational and near-real-time monitoring of ocean, land and ice surfaces over a period of 20 years. The topography element of this mission will serve primarily the marine operational users but will also allow the monitoring of sea ice and land ice, as well as inland water surfaces, using novel observation techniques.The Sentinel-3 mission is designed as a constellation of two identical polar orbiting satellites, separated by 180º, for the provision of long-term operational marine and land monitoring services. The operational character of this mission implies a high level of availability of the data products and fast delivery time, which have been important design drivers for the mission. "@en ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:narrower , ; skos:prefLabel "SENTINEL-3"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Geodetic station"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Geodetic station"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "Accelerometric station"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Accelerometric station"@en . a skos:Concept , ; rdfs:label "DLR HALO"@en ; skos:broader ; skos:exactMatch ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "DLR HALO"@en .